Wednesday, July 1, 2009

LCWRT Awards 2009 Preservation Grant

We are pleased to announce the presentation of the LCWRT 2009 Preservation Grant to the Shelby County Historical Society for the "Simpsonville Slaughter Project". This grant will enable the SCHS to finish their work commemorating the site of the Jan. 25,1865 action in which 22 troopers of the 5th United States Colored Calvary were killed and 8 wounded. The Shelby County Historical Society has already completed studies to determine the location of the mass grave, installed a bronze state highway marker and has received a grant to create a paved shoulder area on Hwy US 60. The $1000 grant from the LCWRT will be used to pay for the final phase of the project, an adjacent area for 22 MIA 'In Memory of' markers from the Veterans Adminstration and a flag polewhich will fly both the black MIA and American flags.

Friday, May 1, 2009

The Hunley

LCWRT May Speaker: Richard W. Hatcher

A native of Richmond, VA, Rick graduated from Virginia Commonwealth University with a BA in U.S. History in 1973. He has worked for the National Park Service since 1970, working at Richmond National Battlefield, Colonial National Historical Park at Yorktown, VA, Kings Mountain National Military Park, SC, and Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield, MO. Since 1992, Rick has served as the Historian at Fort Sumter National Monument, which includes Fort Moultrie, and Charles Pinckney National Historic Site.

Rick serves on the South Carolina Civil War Sesquicentennial Advisory Board, the South Carolina Battleground Preservation Trust Advisory Board, and is the Fort Sumter NM liaison officer with the Charleston Civil War Round Table. Plus, he is a member of the Southern Campaign of the Revolution Heritage Area Study team.

His publications include: co-author of This Hallowed Ground: Guides to Civil War Battlefields, Wilson’s Creek, Pea Ridge, and Prairie Grove (University of Nebraska Press, 2006), and Wilson’s Creek, The Second Major Battle of the Civil War and the Men Who Fought It (University of North Carolina Press, 2000). In 2000 it was a History Book Club alternate selection, and in 2001 it earned the Missouri State Historical Society, History Book of the Year Award.

The Hunley

In 1861, Horace L. Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson began building the first of three submarines to support the Confederate war effort. The first two were either scuttled or lost while under tow. Undaunted the men began building a third submarine and by mid-July 1863 a new "diving boat" was completed.

Shortly afterwards the "Fish Boat" was offered to Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard in defense of Charleston and in early August the submarine arrived in the city. Not long afterwards an accident occurred during which the submarine sank and five crew members drowned. After its recovery, Horace Hunley assumed command of the vessel and named it the H. L. Hunley. Then in October, during a test dive in Charleston Harbor a second accident resulted in his death and the deaths of the entire crew.

Recovered a second time, the Hunley was assigned to Lt. George E. Dixon who recruited and trained a new crew. On the night of February 17, 1864, they attacked and sank the USS Housatonic, and although the Hunley was lost, its successful mission marked the first sinking of an enemy ship by a submarine in combat in world history.

Located in 1995, the vessel was raised on August 8, 2000. From that time to the present the Hunley’s interior has undergone excavation. The remains of the eight crew members were recovered and subsequently buried on April 17, 2004. Hundred of artifacts were located within the sub and a wealth of information has been discovered not only about the submarine’s construction and operation, but also about the crew. Conservation efforts are ongoing with an eye toward complete preservation and eventual display of the boat in its own museum.


Books, Books, Books!
There will be copies of our speaker’s book, Wilson’s Creek for sale at the meeting. These will be hardback first editions that normally sell for $39.95 and we will have them for $20.00. Also Rick is planning to bring 25 reproductions of the famous "Dixon coin." This is the $20 gold piece Dixon had in his pocket when wounded at Shiloh, kept as a good luck charm that was recovered from his remains found on the Hunley. It sells for $10.00 and all proceeds go the Hunley conservation fund.

Book Donations
We are currently accepting book donations for our door prizes. If you have Civil War books you would like to donate, please bring them to one of the meetings and give them to Lowell Griffin our door prize coordinator. Thanks to everyone who can donate

2009 – 2010 Dates
Saturday May 9 Rick Hatcher "The Hunley"
Saturday September 9 ? "TBA"
Saturday October 10 Will Greene "Confederate Leadership in the Petersburg
Campaign"
Sunday November 14 Bud Robertson "TBA"
Saturday December 5 Chris Kolakowski "TBA"
Saturday January 16 Jim Ogden "TBA"

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MAY 2009 QUIZ:

1. A relative of President Lincoln was at Salem Church during and after the battles of Chancellorsville. Who was he and what was he doing?
2. On April 25, 1865, two young boys, nephews of the Confederate European agent James D. Bulloch, supposedly watched Lincoln's funeral procession in New York City. Who were they?
3. What were some of the military factors that led to Lincoln's reelection in 1864?
4. Who swore Abraham Lincoln in as the sixteenth president on March 4, 1861?
5. How did the youngest Lincoln son get his nickname?
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
APRIL 2009 QUIZ ANSWERS:

1. In 1864 Abraham Lincoln ran for reelection as a member of what party?
It was the National Union Party, a coalition of Republicans and War Democrats.
2. The parents of Thomas Lincoln became concerned because he had not learned to read by what age?
He had not learned to read by nine (9) years of age.
3. What was the name Abraham Lincoln typically used to address his wife?
He addressed her as "Mother".
4. What were the tragic results of the fire in Lincoln's private stables, a brick building on the White House grounds between the mansion and the Treasury Department?
Lincoln's two horses, the two belonging to his secretaries, Tad's pony and the one that was considered Willie's pony even though Willie had died the previous year all perished on February 10, 1864.
5. What happened to Lincoln's personal copy of the Emancipation Proclamation?
It was donated to the Chicago Historical Society in 1864 and was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1871.
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Thursday, April 30, 2009

Chancellorsville Field Trip

Ellwood, where the grave of Stonewall Jackson's Arm is marked
Excellent weather, a fantastic tour guide in National Parks Historian Greg Mertz and a fascinatign site made the 2009 LWCRTl Spring Field trip as a resounding success. The tour focused on the Chancellorsville battlefield, plus extra trips to pertinent sites in Fredersicksburg, Old Salem Church, Ellwood in the Wilderness Battlefield Park and Guinea Station. While there has been a great deal of development in the area, the battlefield parks are a joy to visit.
A small sampler: On the field with the always gracious and well infomed Greg Mertz
Ellwood on Wilderness Battlefield, part of Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park


Roadside New Jersey Monument
LCWRT members at Old Salem Church

Saturday, April 4, 2009

Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties


Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties

On April 10, in recognition of the Bicentennial of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, the Round Table is pleased to welcome Frank J. Williams, the recently retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island and one of the country's most renowned experts on Abraham Lincoln. He is the author or editor of over thirteen books on Lincoln, and has lectured on the subject throughout the country. He has amassed an unsurpassed private library and archive that ranks among the nation's finest Lincoln collections. In 2000, the Chief Justice was appointed to the United States Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission to plan events to commemorate the 200th birthday of Abraham Lincoln this year.

Since 1996, Chief Justice Williams has served as founding Chairman of The Lincoln Forum, a national assembly of Lincoln and Civil War devotees. For 9 years, he served as President of the Abraham Lincoln Association and, for 14 years, as President of The Lincoln Group of Boston. He is currently at work on an annotated bibliography of all the Lincoln titles published since 1865. His book of essays, Judging Lincoln, was published by Southern Illinois University Press in 2002. He, with Harold Holzer and Edna Greene Medford, has written The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views, Social, Legal and Pictorial just published by Louisiana State University Press. His latest book, Lincoln Lessons: Reflections on America’s Greatest Leader, with William D. Pederson, was published by Southern Illinois University Press in 2009. He also serves as Literary Editor of the Lincoln Herald where his quarterly Lincolniana survey appears.

You will not want to miss this special evening as the Round Table celebrates the birth of fellow Kentuckian Abraham Lincoln.


Links to Mr. Williams' works on www.amazon.com:

Judging Lincoln
The Emancipation Proclamation: Three Views, Social, Legal and Pictorial
Lincoln Lessons: Reflections on America’s Greatest Leader

And click here for additional amazon.com listings for Frank J. Williams

2009 Field Trip: Chancellorsville Fees Are Due
If you have not paid your field trip fees in full, please do so now. They are now past due. You can mail your check made out to LCWRT with Field Trip on the memo line to Harriette Weatherbee, 1028 Sarah Dr., Louisville, Ky. 40219. The cost of the trip includes bus transportation, guide, hat, gift for guide, picture quiz, Saturday night meal and pizza/beer night. If you signed up for the field trip and are not going, please contact Harriette and let her know.

Book Donations
We are currently accepting book donations for our door prizes. If you have Civil War books you would like to donate, please bring them to one of the meetings and give them to Lowell Griffin our door prize coordinator.

MARCH 2009 QUIZ ANSWERS:

1. John Brown was sentenced to death by what authority and on what charge?
The Commonwealth of Virginia found him guilty of inciting insurrection and hung him. The United States Government did not charge him with treason or anything else.

2. What Southern state is believed to not have had troops fighting for both the North and the South?
Technically none. SOUTH CAROLINA did not have any white troops fighting on both sides, but it did have black troops fighting for the Union.

3. Name the six (or seven) Union officers who became President of the United States.
Ulysses S. Grant, Chester A. Arthur, James A. Garfield, Benjamin Harrison, Rutherford B. Hayes, and William McKinley. (Andrew Johnson was appointed brigadier general of volunteers and served as military governor of Tennessee during the war.)

4. Who was the freed black called "one of the highest placed and most productive espionage agent of the Civil War," and what position did this person hold for part of the war?

Mary Elizabeth Bowser was a spy in Richmond's Confederate White House. As a trusted domestic employee, she used her position to access top-secret information, which she passed on to Union operatives within the city. She worked closely with Elizabeth Van Lew, in whose family she had once been a slave.

5. By late 1864, who commanded what was probably the most experienced Union Army?
General William T. Sherman's army had many men who were reenlistments and had fought in many of the major battles in 1863 and 1864. Although the Union Army of the Potomac was larger, it had the higher percentage of new replacements.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

APRIL 2009 QUIZ:

1. In 1864 Abraham Lincoln ran for reelection as a member of what party?

2. The parents of Thomas Lincoln became concerned because he had not learned to read by what age?

3. What was the name Abraham Lincoln typically used to address his wife?

4. What were the tragic results of the fire in Lincoln's private stables, a brick building on the White House grounds between the mansion and the Treasury Department?

5. What happened to Lincoln's personal copy of the Emancipation Proclamation?

Saturday, March 7, 2009

March Speaker: Michael Peake

March 14 Meeting

The LCWRT will meet Saturday, March 14 and we ae pleased to welcome Michael Peake as our speaker. Mr. Peake is a Louisville native with fraternal ancestral Kentucky roots going back to the 1780s in the Nelson and Marion County regions of the State. He has researched the 32nd Indiana for over 14 years, and since retiring from Federal service in 1996, he has devoted his time to compiling the history of the regiment, and the Germans of both armies in the Civil War. He has published several articles and has released two books on the regiment’s December 1861 baptism of fire in central Kentucky. The Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis and the Indianapolis German Heritage Society has posted his second book, Indiana’s German Sons, Baptism of Fire: Rowlett’s Station 1861, online in its entirety at:

http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/peake/

His March presentation will be "German Blood Shed In This War" and will provide an overview of German participation in the Civil War with the First German, Thirty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry as the prime example of the more than 50 German infantry regiments that served the Union during the war. A unique aspect of the presentation will include the use of original war period artwork created by regiment officer Captain Adolph G. Metzner who fashioned a notable collection of over 120 sketches, drawings, and paintings during his period of service with the 32nd Indiana in the Western Theater from August 1861 until September 1864. Only a small portion of this historically significant Civil War art has ever been published, and the general public has viewed little of the collection.

at amazon .com: Blood Shed in This War: Civil War Illustrations by Captain Adolph Metzner, 32nd Indiana

The 2007-2008 Patron Members

The following members have given generously to help our Round Table continue to provide quality programs for our membership. Thank you!

Win Ahrens
Tom Lively & Susan Givan
Jerry & Sharon Armstrong
Brad &Miranda Luppino
John & Mary Bellucci
Thomas Mackey
Everett Bethune, Jr.
Bob & Linda Marrett
John & Faris Bilby
Janet Marshall
Art Boerner
Reed & Janice Martin, Jr.
Bob & Judy Bortner
Vivian McDonald
Bob & Barbara Braverman
Don & Peggy Meyer
Doug & Barbara Brown
Charlie Moore, Sr.
Leif & Anna Bunting
Sonny & Betty Neurath, Jr.
John & Joy Davis
Marc & Jill Oca
Dave Deatrick, Jr.
Howard & Joyce Patton
Ken & Melissa Draut
Sheldon Rein
Monty & Holly Jenkins Evans
Joe & Virginia Reinhart
Sean & Mary Fore
Kerry Short
Dale & Donna Gettelfinger
Kurtz Simmons
Len Gross & Emily Durrett
Jim & Carol Simpson, III
Bill & Rose Mary Hambleton
Dick & Wilda Skidmore
James Pryor Hancock
Thomas & Mary Lee Speckman
Doug & Bobbi Harper
Matthew & Lori Sweat
Dave & Sue Hoffmann
John Thomas
Jack & Virginia Holt, Jr.
Don Van Slyke
Gary & Jackie Hopkins
Harriette Weatherbee
Maurice Jeffries
Bob & Sandra West
Al & Janet Jozik
Bryan & Cindy Doyle Winslow
Chris Kolakowski
Doug & Margaret Krawczyk


February 2009 Quiz Answers:

1. When did Abraham Lincoln first meet his vice president, Hannibal Hamlin?
Election Day, 1860

2. What two cabinet members tried to force General McClellan's resignation while Lincoln still relied upon him?
Edwin M. Stanton and Salmon P. Chase

3. What political leader slipped into Washington by night in February 1861?
Abraham Lincoln

4. What did Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Samuel Clemens, Alexander Stephens and Ulysses S. Grant have in common?
They all suffered from bouts of depression (as did Sherman).

5. What did Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Nathan Bedford Forrest, James Longstreet, Stonewall Jackson, Jeb Stuart and William T. Sherman have in common?
They lost children before and/or during the Civil War.

MARCH 2009 QUIZ:

1. John Brown was sentenced to death by what authority and on what charge?

2. What Southern state is believed to not have had troops fighting for both the North and the South?

3. Name the six (or seven) Union officers who became President of the United States.

4. Who was the freed black called "one of the highest placed and most productive espionage agent of the Civil War," and what position did this person hold for part of the war?

5. By late 1864, who commanded what was probably the most experienced and large Union Army?


Harold Holzer at Cincinnati Round Table May 21

The Cincinnati Civil War Round Table is extending an open invitation to area Round Tables to attend its May 21, 2009 meeting. One of the speakers in greatest demand in this the year of Abraham Lincoln’s 200th birthday is the well-known Lincoln scholar Harold Holzer. The details required to make your reservation for this limited seating event are provided below. His talk will be, How Lincoln Became President --- In Ohio. The meeting will be held at the Drake Center, 151 West Galbraith Rd., Cincinnati. Ohio. The dinner begins at 6:30 and cost is $27.00. The speaker portion of the meeting begins at 7:30. You can attend the speaker only part of the meeting for $5.00. Reservation are required eight days in advance for both the dinner and the speaker only option by using the reservations link at http://www.cincinnaticwrt.org/; emailing homanfamily@fuse.net; or by calling 513-861-2057.

Wednesday, February 4, 2009

Feb 14th - Valentine's Day Meeting

Dr. Charles Roland speaking in Albert Sydney Johnston, Jan. 2009


February Speaker: Greg Biggs
We welcome Greg Biggs on his first visit to our Round Table. He is a former Associate Editor of one of our favorite magazines, Blue and Gray Magazine and is the current President and Program Chair of the Clarkesville, Tennessee Roundtable. Greg is a member of the Advisory Board, Center for the Study of the Civil War in the West; Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, and he has been a flag consultant to various state museums including Tennessee, Georgia, Ohio, Alabama, North Carolina and the Texas Civil War Museum.

He has published many essays and articles in a variety of historical publications. Greg is the author/co-author of forthcoming books: Tattered Banners: Alabama’s Civil War Flags and I Go To Illustrate Georgia: Civil War Flags Of Georgia Troops, and he is currently writing the forthcoming book Volunteer Banners: Tennessee’s Civil War Flags for the Tennessee State Museum/University of Tennessee Press. He has led several tours of Civil War Battlefields including one of the Fort Donelson Campaign for the Filson Historical Society.


The Topic: Nathan Bedford Forrest: Napoleonic Cavalryman


Beginning with an analysis of how Napoleon fought battles using cavalry on a tactical basis as well as in the pursuit phase, this lecture details how most Civil War commanders failed to properly use cavalry in a Napoleonic sense. A brief history of American cavalry and its doctrine transits to how Gen. Forrest properly used cavalry both tactically and in pursuit during all phases of his military career. Napoleonic standards are applied to three of his battles. The lecture is designed to challenge conventional Civil War thought.


2009 Field Trip: Chancellorsville April 15-19

We will be going to Virginia in April 2009 to study the Campaign and Battle of Chancellorsville! National Park historian Greg Mertz will be our tour guide. The dates for this trip are April 15-19. We will be studying the entire campaign including cavalry raids, Second Fredericksburg, and Salem Church. The cost of the trip includes bus transportation, guide, hat, gift for guide, picture quiz, Saturday night meal and pizza/beer night.
Bus riders - $375.00
Car riders - $325.00
Non Tour - $60.00


Field Trip Hats for Sale

We have several different field trip hats of various colors for sale. These caps are top-quality and will be offered at the next meeting for the ridiculously low price of $10.

Book Donations
We are currently accepting book donations for our door prizes. If you have Civil War books you would like to donate, please bring them to one of the meetings and give them to Lowell Griffin, our door prize coordinator.

The Wilderness in Crisis!

Update on the Wilderness: From the Fredericksburg News…
The so-called "Wilderness Wal-Mart" in Orange County is catching grief from both North and South--and elected officials on both ends of the political spectrum.
U.S. Rep. Ted Poe, a conservative Republican from eastern Texas, has expressed to Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott his "profound disappointment" about the giant retailer's plan to build a Supercenter beside the Civil War battlefield. In a letter written last week, he urges Scott to give the matter "immediate reconsideration."
Meanwhile, lawmakers in Vermont--a haven for independent-minded Democrats--are holding hearings on the issue. Vermont troops suffered their worst casualties of the war in the Battle of the Wilderness, turning back a Confederate attack that threatened to split the Union Army.
The Vermont Senate and House are considering whether to ask Wal-Mart to move the store farther from the entrance to Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, according to Howard Coffin, a Civil War historian and author who lives in Montpelier, the state capital.
Wal-Mart is proposing to build a 139,000-square-foot store atop a ridge less than a quarter mile from the park, on commercially zoned land.
Nationally significant Civil War sites, "such as the tract of land for your proposed development, are not where commercial development needs to be in America," Poe wrote Scott. "They should be set aside and untouched for present and future generations of Americans to visit so as to never let them forget the past and the lessons they taught."
Poe noted that the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission, established by Congress to study the historical significance of such places, "defined your proposed land for development as part of The Wilderness [battlefield]. There are countless other locations your company could look at for your development in this region."

January 2009 Quiz Answers:

1. Promoted at age thirty-four to major general after Fort Donelson, who was at that time the youngest of his rank in the entire Union army?
Major General Lew Wallace of Indiana
2. At the 1860 Democratic Convention in Charleston, South Carolina, what future Union general voted fifty-seven times to nominate Jefferson Davis for president of the United States?
Benjamin Butler of New Hampshire
3. Who wrote "The Bonnie Blue Flag" and when and where was it first performed?
English-born entertainer Harry McCarthy wrote the song in the spring of 1861 and performed it first in Jackson, Mississippi.
4. Jefferson Davis regarded what site in the state he called his home state as "the Gibraltar of the West"? Vicksburg, Mississippi
5.During the Confederate retreat to Appomattox, who fought a close range pistol duel at the Battle of High Bridge on April 6, 1865, and what was the result?
Union Colonel Theodore Read fought the duel with Confederate Lieutenant Colonel James Dearing. Read was killed and Dearing was mortally wounded, dying on April 22,1865.

February 2009 Quiz:

1. When did Abraham Lincoln first meet his vice president, Hannibal Hamlin?

2. What two cabinet members tried to force General McClellan's resignation while Lincoln still relied upon him?

3. What political leader slipped into Washington by night in February 1861?

4. What did Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Samuel Clemens, Alexander Stephens and Ulysses S. Grant have in common?

5. What did Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Nathan Bedford Forrest, James Longstreet, Stonewall Jackson, Jeb Stuart and William T. Sherman have in common?

Saturday, January 10, 2009

48th Anniversary Meeting - Jan 18

Meet our Speaker: Charles Roland

On our 48th anniversary we are proud to welcome back a life member of the LCWRT, Charles Roland He has last visited us in January of 2005, and we are very excited to have him back. He is currently Emeritus Alumni Professor of History at the University of Kentucky. A native of western Tennessee, Charles Roland received his B.A. from Vanderbilt and his M.A. and Ph.D. from LSU. Dr. Roland was a combat Infantry captain serving in the European Theater in World War II and was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service and the Purple Heart for wounds received in action in the battle of the Ardennes.

Charles Roland has held many positions in his distinguished career. He has been a Historical Technician for the National Park Service, a history Instructor at LSU, Assistant to the Chief Historian of the United States Army and a visiting Professor of Military History at the United States Military Academy. He was a Professor of History at Tulane University from 1952 to 1967 and Chairman of the History Department from 1967 until 1970, when he became Alumni Professor of History at the University of Kentucky.

Among his published works are The Confederacy, 1960; Reflections on Lee: A Historian’s Assessment, 1995; A History of the South(co-authored with Francis Simkins), 1972; An American Iliad: The Story of the Civil War, revised edition 2002; and the definitive biography of Confederate icon A.S. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston: Soldier of Three Republics, new edition 2001. He is the general editor of the 13 volume New Perspectives on the South series published by the University of Kentucky and has published numerous other articles and essays on Civil War and American history. He recently completed My Odyssey Through History, Memoirs of War and Academe, which contains his account of his service in World War II and the Battle of the Bulge.

To find his available books at www.amazon.com click Here

2009 Field Trip: Chancellorsville April 15-19

The LCWRT Spring Field Trip to Virginia will study the Campaign and Battle of Chancellorsville. National Park historian Greg Mertz will be our tour guide. The dates for this trip are April 15-19. We will be studying the entire campaign including cavalry raids, Second Fredericksburg, Salem Church, and all related Stonewall Jackson sites.

The Wilderness in Crisis!

The never ending fight with rampant development gone wild continues as now the site of the Wilderness Battlefield is threatened by none other than corporate behemoth Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart execs have convinced the Orange County Board of Supervisors that controls development that it is a good idea to build a 141,000 square-foot-supercenter on 52 acres at one of the most historically significant crossroads in America, the intersection of the Orange Turnpike and the Germanna Road. This is directly adjacent to the Wilderness Battlefield and will open the door for the explosive building of strip-malls, fast food restaurants, gas stations and other stores. Already the Wilderness Crossing development that would pave 900 acres of the Wilderness countryside and rural landscapel is in the planning stages ready to move forward if Wal-Mart is successful.

Arrayed against the world’s largest company and the misguided county supervisors are 252 of America’s leading historians and preservationists who have recently sent a letter to the Wal-Mart executives. "The Wilderness is an indelible part of our history, its very ground hallowed by the American blood spilled there, and it cannot be moved," read the letter signed by James McPherson, James McCullough, Ed Bearss, Ken Burns and nearly every other historian you have heard of. According to McPherson, "Every one of these modern intrusions on the historic landscape degrades the value and experience of that landscape." And he added that a Wal-Mart development at the proposed site would take development in the area "a quantum leap higher." Wal-Mart plans to proceed even though there are four other Wal-Mart’s within 20 miles of the proposed site.

To learn more about the Wilderness crisis, visit www.wildernesswalmart.com and www.civilarwar.org and find out what you can do to help stop Wal-Mart.